拉丁文常用短語：
拉丁短語 | 縮寫 | 英語直譯 | 中文翻譯 |
anno Domini | A.D. | in the year of our Lord | |
ante meridiem | a.m. | before noon | |
circa | ca. | about; used especially in approximate dates | 大約 |
et alia | et al. | and others; and elsewhere | 以及其他、等等 |
et cetera | etc. | and the rest; and so forth; and so on | 以及其他、等等 |
exempli gratia | e.g. | for example; such as | 例如 |
ibidem | ibid. | in the aformentioned place | 同前引證 |
id est | i.e. | that is | 即 |
opere citato | op. cit. | in the work cited | 在列舉的著作中 |
post meridiem | p.m. | after noon | |
quod erat demonstrandum | Q.E.D. | which had to be shown | 即證 |
videlicet | viz. | that is to say; namely | 即、就是說、換言之 |
資料來源：WiKi
生物學與醫學拉丁文片語：
Ex vivo | |
| Ex vivo (Latin: out of the living) means that which takes place outside an organism. In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation done in or on living tissue in an artificial environment outside the organism. The most common "ex vivo" procedures involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus, usually under sterile conditions for a few days or weeks. This allows experimentation under highly controlled conditions impossible in the intact organism, albeit at the expense of looking at the tissue in its "natural" environment. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chick embryo outside the organism (chicken). Ex vivo studies are usually performed in vitro, although the use of these two terms is not synonymous. |
In vivo | |
| In vivo (Latin: within the living) means that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one or a controlled environment. Animal testing and clinical trials are forms of in vivo research. |
In vitro | |
| In vitro (Latin: within the glass) refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living organism; for example in a test tube. In vitro fertilization is a well-known example of this. Many experiments in cellular biology are conducted outside of organisms or cells; because the test conditions may not correspond to the conditions inside of the organism, this may lead to results that do not correspond to the situation that arises in a living organism. Consequently, such experimental results are often annotated with in vitro, in contradistinction with in vivo . |
In silico | |
| In silico is an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." The phrase is coined from the Latin phrases in vivo and in vitro that are commonly used in biology (see also systems biology) and refer to experiments done in living organisms and outside of living organisms, respectively. Contrary to widespread belief, in silico does not mean anything in Latin. |
資料來源：WiKi
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