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‧飲咖啡者死亡率略低於普通人群

Coffee Drinkers Have Slightly Lower Death Rates, Study Finds


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一項新的研究為咖啡飲用者帶來了好消息：(每天低於六杯)習慣飲用咖啡的人無論男女都與上升的死亡率無關。實際上，喝含咖啡因或者低咖啡因的咖啡反而有更小的機率因為心臟病導致死亡。

Science Daily (June 17, 2008) — A new study has good news for coffee drinkers: Regular coffee drinking (up to 6 cups per day) is not associated with increased deaths in either men or women. In fact, both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption is associated with a somewhat smaller rate of death from heart disease.

"飲用咖啡已經與眾多對健康的正面或是負面影響相關，但是與死亡相關的數據卻在減少。" 該研究主要作者Esther Lopez-Garcia博士說道。"飲用咖啡與中年人的高死亡率並無關聯。咖啡對於心臟病、癌症、以及其他導致死亡的疾病反而有幫助的可能性尚待研究。"

"Coffee consumption has been linked to various beneficial and detrimental health effects, but data on its relation with death were lacking," says Esther Lopez-Garcia, PhD, the study's lead author. "Coffee consumption was not associated with a higher risk of mortality in middle-aged men and women. The possibility of a modest benefit of coffee consumption on heart disease, cancer, and other causes of death needs to be further investigated."

在1980 -2004年之間對84,214名女性的調查發現，每天喝2-3杯咖啡(含咖啡因)的女性患心髒病死亡的機率相對不喝咖啡的女性要低25%，患其他疾病 (例如：癌症)而死亡的機率相對低18%。在1986 - 2004年之間對41,736男性的調查發現，對於男性而言，飲用咖啡量與死亡率幾乎無關聯。

Women consuming two to three cups of caffeinated coffee per day had a 25 percent lower risk of death from heart disease during the follow-up period (which lasted from 1980 to 2004 and involved 84,214 women) as compared with non-consumers, and an 18 percent lower risk of death caused by something other than cancer or heart disease as compared with non-consumers during follow-up. For men, this level of consumption was associated with neither a higher nor a lower risk of death during the follow-up period (which lasted from 1986 to 2004 and involved 41,736 men).

研究者對參與護士健康研究的84,214名女性和參加健康專業追蹤調查的41,736名男性數據進行分析。參與者在調研之前都並未患有癌症和心臟病。參與者 每2-4年都要完成一份問卷，其中的問題包括他們飲用咖啡的頻率、其他的飲食習慣、是否抽煙以及健康情況。研究者比較在不同咖啡飲用習慣的人群中由於心臟 病、癌症以及其他因素導致的死亡率。在女性之中，2,369人死於心臟病，5,011人死於癌症，3,716人死於其它原因。在男性之中，數據分別為 2,049、2,491以及2,348人。

The researchers analyzed data of 84,214 women who had participated in the Nurses' Health Study and 41,736 men who had participated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. To be in the current study, participants had to have been free of cancer and heart disease at the start of those larger studies.

The study participants completed questionnaires every two to four years that included questions about how frequently they drank coffee, other diet habits, smoking, and health conditions. The researchers then compared the frequency of death from any cause, death due to heart disease, and death due to cancer among people with different coffee-drinking habits.

Among women, 2,368 deaths were due to heart disease, 5,011 were due to cancer, and 3,716 were due to another cause. Among men, 2,049 deaths were due to heart disease, 2,491 were due to cancer, and 2,348 were due to another cause.

考慮到其他風險因素，如體型、抽煙、飲食以及特殊疾病，研究者發現喝較多咖啡的人似乎在此調查研究期間有更低的死亡率。這主要是因為咖啡飲用人群中較低的心臟病死亡率。

While accounting for other risk factors, such as body size, smoking, diet, and specific diseases, the researchers found that people who drank more coffee were less likely to die during the follow-up period. This was mainly because of lower risk for heart disease deaths among coffee drinkers.

研究者則並未發現飲用咖啡與癌症之間的聯系。另外，這些關聯似乎與咖啡因含量並無關係，因為飲用低咖咖啡的人也比不喝咖啡的人有著更低的死亡率。

The researchers found no association between coffee drinking and cancer deaths. These relationships did not seem to be related to caffeine because people who drank decaffeinated coffee also had lower death rates than people who did not drink coffee.

Annals of Internal Medicine的編輯們則提醒說，我們並不能通過此項研究就確定咖啡比人們預計的能更快降低死亡率。可能咖啡飲用者們身上的其他因素保護了他們。而且因 為此項研究的數據來自本人報告，因而可能在咖啡飲用量估計上有測量誤差，並不完全可信。

The editors of Annals of Internal Medicine caution that the design of the study does not make it certain that coffee decreases the chances of dying sooner than expected. Something else about coffee drinkers might be protecting them. And some measurement error in the assessment of coffee consumption is inevitable because estimated consumption came from self-reports.

This study was supported by National Institutes of Health research grants.

參考資料:
Lopez-Garcia, van Dam, Li, Rodriguez-Artalejo, and Hu. The Relationship of Coffee Consumption with Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine, June 16, 2008

原文出處: ScienceDaily, June 17, 2008
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080616170839.htm
圖片來源: (Credit: iStockphoto)

Journal reference:

Lopez-Garcia, van Dam, Li, Rodriguez-Artalejo, and Hu. The Relationship of Coffee Consumption with Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine, June 16, 2008 [link]

Adapted from materials provided by American College of Physicians, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.