拉丁文常用短語:

拉丁短語
縮寫
英語直譯
中文翻譯
anno Domini
A.D.
in the year of our Lord
ante meridiem
a.m.
before noon
circa
ca.
about; used especially in approximate dates
大約
et alia
et al.
and others; and elsewhere
以及其他、等等
et cetera
etc.
and the rest; and so forth; and so on
以及其他、等等
exempli gratia
e.g.
for example; such as
例如
ibidem
ibid.
in the aformentioned place
同前引證
id est
i.e.
that is
opere citato
op. cit.
in the work cited
在列舉的著作中
post meridiem
p.m.
after noon
quod erat demonstrandum
Q.E.D.
which had to be shown
即證
videlicet
viz.
that is to say; namely
即、就是說、換言之

資料來源:WiKi


 生物學與醫學拉丁文片語:

Ex vivo
 
Ex vivo (Latin: out of the living) means that which takes place outside an organism. In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation done in or on living tissue in an artificial environment outside the organism. The most common "ex vivo" procedures involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus, usually under sterile conditions for a few days or weeks. This allows experimentation under highly controlled conditions impossible in the intact organism, albeit at the expense of looking at the tissue in its "natural" environment. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chick embryo outside the organism (chicken). Ex vivo studies are usually performed in vitro, although the use of these two terms is not synonymous.
In vivo
 
In vivo (Latin: within the living) means that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one or a controlled environment. Animal testing and clinical trials are forms of in vivo research.
In vitro
 
In vitro (Latin: within the glass) refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living organism; for example in a test tube. In vitro fertilization is a well-known example of this. Many experiments in cellular biology are conducted outside of organisms or cells; because the test conditions may not correspond to the conditions inside of the organism, this may lead to results that do not correspond to the situation that arises in a living organism. Consequently, such experimental results are often annotated with in vitro, in contradistinction with in vivo .
In silico
 
In silico is an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." The phrase is coined from the Latin phrases in vivo and in vitro that are commonly used in biology (see also systems biology) and refer to experiments done in living organisms and outside of living organisms, respectively. Contrary to widespread belief, in silico does not mean anything in Latin.

資料來源:WiKi

arrow
arrow
    全站熱搜

    philip 發表在 痞客邦 留言(1) 人氣()